Here is the complete pdf lecture of general surgery by Dr. Tahir Malik Introduction Clinical surgery involves the diagnosis, preoperative, operative, and postoperative management of surgical conditions affecting various organ systems. 1. Principles of Surgery Preoperative Assessment: History and Physical Examination: Identifying risk factors, comorbidities, and surgical fitness. Laboratory and Imaging Investigations: Complete Blood Count (CBC), Renal Function Tests (RFTs), Coagulation Profile. Chest X-ray and ECG for high-risk patients. CT, MRI, or Ultrasound for surgical planning. Anesthetic Evaluation: Assessing airway, cardiovascular status, and anesthesia risks. Surgical Techniques: Open Surgery: Traditional method using large incisions. Minimally Invasive Surgery (Laparoscopy): Smaller incisions, faster recovery. Robotic Surgery: Advanced precision with robotic assistance. Postoperative Care: Monitoring Vital Signs: Managing pain, fluid balance,...